114年:(醫檢)微生(2)

下列何種腸道病原菌通常只感染人類並引起疾病?

AShigella dysenteriae
BListeria monocytogenes
CCampylobacter jejuni
DSalmonella Choleraesuis

詳細解析

本題觀念:

腸道病原菌之「宿主特異性」(host specificity):區分完全寄主限制(host-restricted,只感染單一物種)、寄主適應(host-adapted,偏好特定物種但可偶發其他物種)與廣泛寄主(broad host range,可感染多種動物),並據此判斷何者僅在人類間傳播與致病。

選項分析

  • 選項A Shigella dysenteriae
    Shigella屬細菌普遍以人類為主要自然宿主,僅在人與高階靈長類動物間有少數報告,但並無動物群體儲存宿主。四種Shigella中,S. dysenteriae常在衛生條件不佳地區造成嚴重痢疾,最低可由10~200個菌落形成感染(infectious dose)引發疾病。「Humans are the primary natural reservoir, although nonhuman primates also can be infected」(wwwnc.cdc.gov);「Humans and higher primates are the only known hosts of Sh

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