110年:內專

Statement on management strategy for patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is incorrect:

ADietary salt restriction may be beneficial in the management of ADPKD。
BAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are the first-line antihypertensive drugs in ADPKD。
CNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is more effective and safe than acetaminophen or tramadol for cystic pain relief in ADPKD patients。
DOral tolvaptan can slow the increase in total kidney volume and the decline in kidney function of ADPKD patients。
EADPKD patients can be a recipient for renal transplantation。

詳細解析

本題觀念

ADPKD慢性管理核心在於減緩囊腫增長與維持腎功能,包括血壓控制(ACEI/ARB、適度低鹽飲食)、疼痛緩解(非NSAID止痛首選acetaminophen或tramadol)、病程修飾劑(tolvaptan),以及ESRD時的腎臟移植策略。

選項分析

  • 選項A
    HALT-PKD試驗與後續分析皆建議ADPKD患者採取每日2.3–3 g鹽攝取限制,能改善血壓控制並減緩總腎體積(TKV)增長及eGFR下降速度 (f1000research.com, pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)。正確。

  • 選項B
    HALT A/B試驗證實ACEI單用即可達到大多數ADPKD患者的血壓目標,並能減少腎體積及心臟負荷;ACEI/ARB為此族群首選降壓藥 (emedicine.medscape.com)。

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