108年:內專

肺腫瘤的治療選項,上皮生長因子接受體(EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor)的小分子抑制劑藥物是重要的選擇。下列何種病人肺腫瘤有「EGFR突變」的機率最高?

AA 35-year-old woman with a carcinoid tumor
BA 25-year-old man with a hamartoma
CA 75-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma and a history of asbestos exposure
DA 58-year-old man with a 100-pack-year history of tobacco use with small-cell lung carcinoma
EA 54-year-old woman who has never smoked with an adenocarcinoma

詳細解析

本題觀念

本題聚焦於EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor)突變在肺腫瘤中的分布特性。EGFR突變常見於非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的腺癌亞型,且與女性、無菸史及亞洲族群高度相關;相對地,鱗狀細胞癌、小細胞肺癌及良性病灶幾乎不攜帶EGFR突變。

選項分析

  • 選項A:35歲女性,carcinoid tumor
    Carcinoid屬原發性肺部神經內分泌腫瘤,EGFR突變極為罕見或未被報導;臨床指引建議不在此類腫瘤例行檢測EGFR突變﹙EGFR mutations have not been found in carcinoids.(pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)﹚。

  • 選項B:25歲男性,hamartoma
    肺部hamartoma為良性病灶,主要因結締組織過度增生(如HMGA1/2基因重排)所致,無臨床或研究顯示此病灶攜帶EGFR驅動突變,故EGFR小分子抑制劑並非適用療法([ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539806/?utm_source=chatgpt.c

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